Development of antibody research may help prevent sepsis induced by COVID-19

Sepsis is a life-threatening illness caused by the human body’s immune response to infection, however if the body overreacts it can lead to death.  Nearly 270,000 deaths occur in the United States annually related to sepsis.

SARS-CoV-2
The virus that causes COVID-19, called SARS-CoV-2, shown here in an electron microscope image, can trigger severe cases of infection in some younger patients. Studying them could help scientists pinpoint genetic mutations that make people more susceptible to the disease.
Image/NIAID-RML

The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research scientists have discovered the development of novel antibody strategy to effectively prevent the association between a harmless protein and a disease mediator that could lead to sepsis death. The research, led by Haichao Wang, PhD, professor in the Institute of Molecular Medicine at Feinstein, published today in the journal Science Translational Medicine. 

In 1999, the Feinstein Institute researchers discovered an important mediator of lethal sepsis termed as the “high mobility group box 1” (HMGB1) protein. Investigators then began to study another protein called “tetranectin” (TN) that turns HMGB1 into a killer of the body’s immune cells. This transformation induces cell death (pyroptosis) and immunosuppression, impairing the body’s ability to eradicate microbial infections and leads to death.

Now, Feinstein researchers uncovered and confirmed the TN protein’s role in capturing HMGB1 and exacerbating immune cell death. With that discovery, they developed a panel of TN-specific monoclonal antibodies that prevent this harmful TN/HMGB1 interaction, reversing sepsis-induced immunosuppression and fatality. 

“We were able to identify and observe this unique interaction between two proteins that ultimately lead to the body’s innate immune cell depletion and lethal consequences,” said Dr. Wang. “By developing protective antibodies, we hope to commercialize and further assess their therapeutic potential in fighting sepsis” 

The research is particularly timely, as the development of these novel antibodies could be used to prevent sepsis induced by COVID-19, commonly known as the coronavirus, and other lethal pathogens. 

“Sepsis is the leading cause of death in hospitals and Dr. Wang’s research is a huge step in stopping this escalating and urgent crisis,” said Kevin J. Tracey, MD, president and CEO of the Feinstein Institutes. “His work is a new path for developing possible cures for this complex condition.”