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On 12 August 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) was notified of a confirmed outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) ongoing in Podor District, Saint-Louis region, Senegal.
The index case is a female patient aged 38 years who presented with fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue and hemorrhagic symptoms, and was detected through the VHF surveillance system.
The disease started on 20 July; she consulted on 5 August, was sampled on 6 August and died on 7 August. There is an history of travel to Mauritania on 2 July. A second case who is a contact of the index case has been confirmed positive on 14 August 2022.
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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a widespread disease caused by a tick-borne virus (Nairovirus) of the Bunyaviridae family. The CCHF virus causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks, with a case fatality rate of 10–40%.
Animals become infected by the bite of infected ticks and the virus remains in their bloodstream for about one week after infection, allowing the tick-animal-tick cycle to continue when another tick bites. Although a number of tick genera are capable of becoming infected with CCHF virus, ticks of the genus Hyalomma are the principal vector.
The CCHF virus is transmitted to people either by tick bites or through contact with infected animal blood or tissues during and immediately after slaughter. The majority of cases have occurred in people involved in the livestock industry, such as agricultural workers, slaughterhouse workers and veterinarians. Human-to-human transmission is possible.
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